Melanin bleaching with potassium permanganate for melanocytic lesions diagnosis in veterinary medicine / Despigmentação de melanócitos com permanganato de potássio para diagnóstico de lesões melanocíticas na medicina veterinária

The aim of this study was to microscopically re-evaluate the melanocytic lesions diagnoses established by the Animal Pathology Laboratory of the Federal University of Uberlândia, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, over a period of eleven years; in addition, to perform a comparative analysis between the conventional histopathological (CH) method and the use of the melanin bleaching (MB) technique with potassium permanganate, sulfuric acid, and oxalic acid solutions. The results of the MB method presented a disagreement in 24.32% of the diagnosis previously by CH, with low agreement (61.0%) and low Kappa coefficient (0.2267). Melanoma was the most frequent lesion, more frequent in elderly and non-breed female dogs. The most frequent melanoma location was in the cutaneous tissue. The presence or absence of a pagetoid spread in cutaneous samples, distribution of melanin, pattern of cell layout, cell morphology, degree of cellular atypia, and the number of mitoses verified after MB were the most important criteria to confirm the diagnosis of malignancy or benignity of the lesions. Evaluating pathologists considered MB to be essential for the majority of diagnoses and an efficient complementary method for the diagnosis of melanocytic lesions, even in cases with a moderate degree of pigmentation.(AU)

Este estudo objetivou reavaliar microscopicamente os diagnósticos de lesões melanocíticas estabelecidos pelo setor de Patologia Animal da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, em um período de 11 anos, e, com base nesse levantamento, realizar uma análise comparativa entre o método histopatológico convencional (HC) e o método de despigmentação de melanócitos (DM) com permanganato de potássio, ácido sulfúrico e ácido oxálico. A DM revelou discordância em 24,32% dos diagnósticos previamente estabelecidos por HC, apresentando baixa concordância (61,0%) e baixo valor de coeficiente Kappa (0,2267). A alteração mais frequente foi o melanoma, com maior ocorrência em cadelas idosas sem raça definida (SRD). A localização mais frequente dos melanomas foi cutânea. A presença ou ausência de disseminação pagetoide nos casos cutâneos, a forma de distribuição da melanina, o padrão de disposição das células, a morfologia celular, o grau de atipia celular e a quantidade de mitoses verificada após a despigmentação foram critérios de elevada importância para firmar o diagnóstico quanto à malignidade ou benignidade da lesão. A despigmentação foi considerada pelos patologistas avaliadores como essencial para o diagnóstico na maioria dos casos, o que leva a concluir que ela constitui um método complementar eficiente no diagnóstico das lesões melanocíticas, mesmo em casos com grau moderado de pigmentação.(AU)

Enfermería Universitaria: 15 años de contribuir a la difusión de la investigación de enfermería / Enfermería Universitaria: 15 years of contributing to the dissemination of nursing research / Enfermería Universitaria: 15 anos de contribuir para a difusão da pesquisa de enfermagem

La revista en su evolución y con la constante mejora en la calidad del proceso editorial ha logrado consolidarse y adquirir reconocimiento, de tal forma que en la actualidad está incluida en ocho bases de datos, entre estas, las tres principales de América Latina: La Biblioteca Virtual en Salud Regional, Scielo y Redalyc, en las dos últimas es la única revista de enfermería de México. En 2016 obtiene otro reconocimiento importante, al ser incluida en el Sistema de Clasificación de Revistas Mexicanas de Ciencia y Tecnología del Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de nuestro país. Estos datos están íntimamente relacionados con la visibilidad y difusión alcanzada, por ejemplo, durante 2017 el número de visitas al sitio de la revista, sólo en la base de datos Scielo, fue de 481 mil, lo que equivale a 1317 visitas por día.

Study of major genetic factors involved in pituitary tumorigenesis and their impact on clinical and biological characteristics of sporadic somatotropinomas and non-functioning pituitary adenomas

Genetic and functional aberrations of guanine nucleotide-binding protein, alpha stimulating (GNAS), aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein (AIP), and pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG) are among the most prominent events in pituitary tumorigenesis. A cohort of Brazilian patients with somatotropinomas (n=41) and non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPA, n=21) from a single tertiary-referral center were evaluated for GNAS and AIP mutations and gene expression of AIP and PTTG. Results were compared to the clinical and biological (Ki67 and p53 expression) characteristics of tumors and their response to therapy, if applicable. Genetic analysis revealed that 27% of somatotropinomas and 4.8% of NFPA harbored GNAS mutations (P=0.05). However, no differences were observed in clinical characteristics, tumor extension, response to somatostatin analog therapy, hormonal/surgical remission rates, Ki67 index, and p53 expression between mutated and non-mutated somatotropinomas patients. PTTG overexpression (RQ mean=10.6, min=4.39, max=11.9) and AIP underexpression (RQ mean=0.56, min=0.46-max=0.92) were found in virtually all cases without a statistically significant relationship with clinical and biological tumor features. No patients exhibited somatic or germline pathogenic AIP mutations. In conclusion, mutations in GNAS and abnormal PTTG and AIP expression had no impact on tumor features and treatment outcomes in this cohort. Our data support some previous studies and point to the need for further investigations, probably involving epigenetic and transcriptome analysis, to improve our understanding of pituitary tumor behavior.

IGF2, LEPR, POMC, PPARG, and PPARGC1 gene variants are associated with obesity-related risk phenotypes in Brazilian children and adolescents

Association studies of genetic variants and obesity and/or obesity-related risk factors have yielded contradictory results. The aim of the present study was to determine the possible association of five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the IGF2, LEPR, POMC, PPARG, and PPARGC1 genes with obesity or obesity-related risk phenotypes. This case-control study assessed overweight (n=192) and normal-weight (n=211) children and adolescents. The SNPs were analyzed using minisequencing assays, and variables and genotype distributions between the groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance and Pearson's chi-square or Fisher's exact tests. Logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and gender was used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) for selected phenotype risks in each group. No difference in SNP distribution was observed between groups. In children, POMC rs28932472(C) was associated with lower diastolic blood pressure (P=0.001), higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (P=0.014), and higher risk in overweight children of altered total cholesterol (OR=7.35, P=0.006). In adolescents, IGF2 rs680(A) was associated with higher glucose (P=0.012) and higher risk in overweight adolescents for altered insulin (OR=10.08, P=0.005) and homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (OR=6.34, P=0.010). PPARG rs1801282(G) conferred a higher risk of altered insulin (OR=12.31, P=0.003), and HOMA-IR (OR=7.47, P=0.005) in overweight adolescents. PARGC1 rs8192678(A) was associated with higher triacylglycerols (P=0.005), and LEPR rs1137101(A) was marginally associated with higher LDL cholesterol (P=0.017). LEPR rs1137101(A) conferred higher risk for altered insulin, and HOMA-IR in overweight adolescents. The associations observed in this population suggested increased risk for cardiovascular diseases and/or type 2 diabetes later in life for individuals carrying these alleles.

Cyst infection in hospital-admitted autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease patients is predominantly multifocal and associated with kidney and liver volume

Positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has improved cyst infection (CI) management in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). The determinants of kidney and/or liver involvement, however, remain uncertain. In this study, we evaluated clinical and imaging factors associated with CI in kidney (KCI) and liver (LCI) in ADPKD. A retrospective cohort study was performed in hospital-admitted ADPKD patients with suspected CI. Clinical, imaging and surgical data were analyzed. Features of infected cysts were evaluated by PET/CT. Total kidney (TKV) and liver (TLV) volumes were measured by CT-derived multiplanar reconstruction. CI was detected in 18 patients who experienced 24 episodes during an interval of 30 months (LCI in 12, KCI in 10 and concomitant infection in 2). Sensitivities of CT, magnetic resonance imaging and PET/CT were 25.0, 71.4, and 95.0%. Dysuria (P<0.05), positive urine culture (P<0.01), and previous hematuria (P<0.05) were associated with KCI. Weight loss (P<0.01) and increased C-reactive protein levels (P<0.05) were associated with LCI. PET/CT revealed that three or more infected cysts were present in 70% of the episodes. TKV was higher in kidney-affected than in LCI patients (AUC=0.91, P<0.05), with a cut-off of 2502 mL (72.7% sensitivity, 100.0% specificity). TLV was higher in liver-affected than in KCI patients (AUC=0.89, P<0.01) with a cut-off of 2815 mL (80.0% sensitivity, 87.5% specificity). A greater need for invasive procedures was observed in LCI (P<0.01), and the overall mortality was 20.8%. This study supports PET/CT as the most sensitive imaging method for diagnosis of cyst infection, confirms the multifocal nature of most hospital-admitted episodes, and reveals an association of kidney and liver volumes with this complication.

Nuevos genotipos de arroz resistentes a la Piriculariosis obtenidos por cultivo de anteras / New blast resistant rice genotypes obtained by and anthers culture

En la Estación Experimental del Arroz Los Palacios, perteneciente al Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Agrícolas de Cuba (INCA), se efectuaron cruzamientos entre cuatro cultivares resistentes a la Piriculariosis y seis de buen comportamiento agronómico y las anteras de las plantas F2 fueron cultivadas in vitro para evaluar la formación de callos en tres medios líquidos: N6-1, N6-m y NL, así como la regeneración de plantas verdes y albinas, en el medio MS. Las dos primeras generaciones de las nuevas líneas obtenidas fueron evaluadas para caracteres agronómicos y la segunda generación, además, para resistencia frente a la Piriculariosis. Las líneas que combinaron resistencia a la Piriculariosis y buenos caracteres agronómicos fueron evaluadas en condiciones de infección natural, con alta presión del patógeno. La utilización de la técnica del cultivo de anteras mostró alta dependencia del genotipo y el medio de cultivo. Con el medio NL se lograron los valores más altos para la formación de callos. Se obtuvieron nuevos genotipos resistentes a la Piriculariosis y de alto rendimiento agrícola.

Crosses were made between four blast resistant and six rice varieties of good agronomic performance, at the Los Palacios Rice Research Station of the National Agricultural Sciences Institute of Cuba (INCA) and the anthers from F2 plants were in vitro culture using three liquid media: N6-1, N6m, and NL, for callus formation and after plants regenerations using MS medium. The first two generations of breeding lines were evaluated for agronomic characters and the second generations, also, for Blast resistant. The lines that combined resistance to Blast and good agronomic performance were evaluated under high pressure of natural Blast infection conditions. The success rate of anther culture was highly dependent on the genotype and culture media used. NL medium led to the highest callus formation values. In the process, new blast resistant and high yielding genotypes were obtained.

Efficacy of piperine in reducing the effects of aflatoxin intoxication in broiler chickens: a preliminary report / Eficácia da piperina na redução dos efeitos da intoxicação de frangos de corte com aflatoxina: estudo preliminar

Aflatoxina é uma micotoxina que promove importantes efeitos tóxicos na saúde humana e animal, mesmo quando consumida em baixas doses. A administração oral de piperina (2,25mg Kg-1) em frangos de corte, por 14 dias consecutivos, aparentemente interferiu na toxidez da aflatoxina, diminuindo os danos hepáticos e seus efeitos adversos sobre os parâmetros hematológicos característicos da aflatoxicose. Esses dados preliminares sugerem que a piperina poderia ser usada na prevenção dos efeitos tóxicos originados pela ingestão de aflatoxina.

Effects of sirolimus alone or in combination with cyclosporine A on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury

Calcineurin inhibitors exacerbate ischemic injury in transplanted kidneys, but it is not known if sirolimus protects or exacerbates the transplanted kidney from ischemic injury. We determined the effects of sirolimus alone or in combination with cyclosporin A (CsA) on oxygenated and hypoxic/reoxygenated rat proximal tubules in the following in vitro groups containing 6-9 rats per group: sirolimus (10, 50, 100, 250, 500, and 1000 çg/mL); CsA (100 µg/mL); sirolimus (50 and 250 çg/mL) + CsA (100 µg/mL); control; vehicle (20 percent ethanol). For in vivo studies, 3-week-old Wistar rats (150-250 g) were submitted to left nephrectomy and 30-min renal artery clamping. Renal function and histological evaluation were performed 24 h and 7 days after ischemia (I) in five groups: sham, I, I + SRL (3 mg·kg-1·day-1, po), I + CsA (3 mg·kg-1·day-1, sc), I + SRL + CsA. Sirolimus did not injure oxygenated or hypoxic/reoxygenated proximal tubules and did not potentiate the tubular toxic effects of CsA. Neither drug affected the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) at 24 h. GFR was reduced in CsA-treated rats on day 7 (0.5 ± 0.1 mL/min) but not in rats receiving sirolimus + CsA (0.8 ± 0.1 mL/min) despite the reduction in renal blood flow (3.9 ± 0.5 mL/min). Acute tubular necrosis regeneration was similar for all groups. Sirolimus alone was not toxic and did not enhance hypoxia/reoxygenation injury or CsA toxicity to proximal tubules. Despite its hemodynamic effects, sirolimus protected post-ischemic kidneys against CsA toxicity.

Inflamação do parênquima pulmonar na asma e sua relação com as vias aéreas / Pulmonary parenchyma inflammation in asthma

A inflamação da asma não está limitada às vias aéreas e pode comprometer também o parênquima pulmonar periférico, no entanto, não há estudos na literatura que enfoquem a participação do parênquima pulmonar na asma. Objetivo: Caracterizar o infiltrado inflamatótrio do parênquima peribronquiolar e distal em vítimas de asma fatal, comparando-o ao de outras regiões de vias aéreas e a de tecido pulmonar de não asmáticos. Fragementos de tecido pulmonar obtidos de 20 pacientes com asma fatal e 10 controles, necropsiados no Serviço de verificacão de óbito da capital - São Paulo, foram submetidos a estudo de imuno-histoquímica e marcados com anticorpos anti-proteína básica principal (eosinófilos), anti-triptase (mastócitos), anti-elastase neutrofílica (neutrófilos) e anti-marcadores de superfície de linfócitos (CD3, CD$, CD* e CD20). Foram determinadas as densidades celulares no parênquima pulmonar periférico peribronquiolar e distal e nas áreas interna e externa das vias aéreas de grande e de pequeno calibre. Resultados: A densidade de eosinófilos foi significativamente maior nas duas regiões do parênquima pulmonar de asmáticos comparados aos controles, bem como as vias aéreas (p<0,02). Nos pacientes asmáticos a densidade eosinófilica se mostrou menos no parênquima distal em relação à da área interna da via aérea grande apenas (p<0,01). A densidade dos mastócitos foi maior no parênquima peribronquiolar bem como na área externa das vias aéreas de grande e de pequeno calibre de asmáticos comparados aos controles (p<0.04). Diferenças significativas quanto à densidade de linfócitos se restringiram às vias aéreas de asmáticos comparadas as de controles. Maior densidade de neutrófilos foi observada apenas no parênquima pulmonar de asmáticos (p=0.029). Conclusões: O parênquima pulmonar participa do processo inflamatório na asma fatal com aumento de células efetoras (mastócitos, neutrófilos e eosinófilos). A área externa da via aérea foi a região que melhor diferenciou o asmáticodo controle e com o maior número de diferenças significativas. A inflamação do parênquima peribronquiolar, associado ao da área externa da via áerea pequena, reforça o papel do pulmão distal na patofisiologia da asma.

Evaluación in vitro de linezolid frente a staphylococcus aureus meticilina resistentes aislados de infecciones osteo-articulares / In vitro evaluation of linezolid against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus isolated from osteoarticular infections

En este trabajo se analiza la susceptibilidad in vitro de 64 cepas de Staphylococcus aureus meticilina resistentes (SAMR), aisladas de procesos infecciosos osteo-articulares frente a linezolid y se compara con la de teicoplanina. El 100 por ciento de las cepas analizadas fue inhibido por linezoid entre 0,25 y 3 µg/ml y por teicoplanina entre 0,38 y 2 µg/ml. La CIM de linezolid fue 0,75 µg/ml y la de teicoplanina fue 1 µg/ml. La CIM para ambos antimicrobianos fue 1,5 µg/ml. La buena evaluación in vitro de linezolid frente a SAMR y su excelente biodisponibilidad por vía oral, lo hacen una atractiva opción terapéutica en el manejo de las infecciones osteoarticulares causadas por SAMR. Sin embargo, su uso para esta indicación aún no ha sido aprobado por Food and Drug Administration

Evaluación de los criterios de Nugent y Amsel para el diagnóstico de vaginosis bacteriana / Evaluation of Nugent and Amsel criteria for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis

Background: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common disease in reproductive-age women and is associated to important gynecologic and obstetric complications. Aim: To study the occurrence of BV in apparently healthy women attending family planning clinics, using Amsel and Nugent diagnostic criteria. Material and methods: Two hundred thirty nine women consulting for symptoms associated to cervicovaginitis, were studied. A sample from the lateral walls of the vagina was obtained with a sterile swab for microscopic analysis, Gram stain and amine test. Results: According to Amsel and Nugent criteria a 31.1 percent and 31.8 percent BV prevalence was observed. The sensitivity and specificity of Nugent criteria, compared with Amsel criteria were 83.3 percent and 92.1 percent, respectively. Conclusions: The high prevalence of BV found in this study suggests that this vaginal infection should be diagnosed with standardized methods. Nugent criteria are economic easy to perform and sensitive and we propose that they should be used in local health centers

Duraçäo da gestaçäo em relaçäo à idade de éguas da raça Puro Sangue de Corrida, aos pesos do potro e da placenta, e ao horário do parto / Gestation length related to the age in Thoroughbred mares, to placenta's and newborn foal's weight and parturition time

Este estudo foi realizado com o propósito de determinar parâmetros fisiológicos relativos ao pós-parto e puerpério na égua e potro. De 01/07/1983 a 25/11/1992 foram observados 390 partos em éguas da raça Puro Sangue de Corrida. Eguas mais velhas produziram potros e placentas mais pesados; a idade materna näo influenciou na duraçäo da gestaçäo e esta última näo esteve relacionada com o período de concepçäo ou com o peso do produto. Eguas mais velhas, com endométrio sadio, apresentaram placentas mais pesadas que éguas jovens, também saudáveis. 87,54 por cento dos partos ocorrem à noite (entre 18 horas e 7 horas) relacionando-se com períodos de tranquilidade ambiental

Parâmetros fisiológicos e etológicos do potro recém-nascido, na raça puro-sangue de corrida / Ethological and physliological parameters in the thoroughbred newborn foal

Foram observados trezentos e noventa partos em éguas da raça Puro-Sangue de Corrida entre julho de 1983 e novembro de 1992, com a finalidade de se determinar os parâmetros fisiológicos e etológicos relativos ao neonato. Verificou-seque a ruptura do cordäo umbilical ocorreu em torno dos 6,2 minutos após o nascimento. O reflexo de sucçäo manifestou-se em média aos 36 minutos e os potrinhos levantaram pela primeira vez aos 49 minutos. Aqueles que levantaram até 2 horas e 23 minutos após o parto näo apresentaram problemas. A 1§ mamada ocorreu em média aos 94 minutos pós-parto e 82,55 por cento dos potros mamaram até 2 horas pós-parto. A eliminaçäo do mecônio ocorreu em 127,4 minutos pós-parto, em média 30 minutos após a 1§ mamada

Characterization and regulation of glycine transport in Fusarium oxysporum var. lini

Glycine was transported in Fusarium oxysporum cells, grow on glycine as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen, by a facilitated diffusion transport system with a half-saturation constant(Ks) of 11 mM and a maximum velocity (Vmax) of 1.2 mM (g dry weight)-1 h-1 at pH 5.0 and 26 degrees Celsius. Under conditions of nitrogen starvation, the same system was present together with a high-affinity one(Ks) of about 47 muM and Vmax of about 60 muM (g dry weight)(-1) h-1)). The low-affinity system was more specific than the high-affinity system. Cells grown on gelatine showed the same behavior. In cells grown on glucose-gelatine medium, the low-affinity system was poorly expressed even after carbon and nitrogen starvation. Moreover, addition of glucose to cells grown on glycine and resuspended in mineral medium caused an increase of the glycine transport probably due to a boost in protein synthesis. This stimulation did not affect the Ks of the low-affinity system. These results demonstrate that, as is the case for other eukaryotic systems, F.oxysporum glycine transport is under control of nitrogen sources but its regulation by carbon sources appears to be more complex.

Nevo lipomatoso cutaneo superficial / Nevus lipomatosus cutaneus superficialis

Presentamos una paciente de 11 meses de edad con un nevo lipomatoso cutáneo superficial en el brazo derecho.El cuadro clínico histopatológico es característico,pero de muy rara localización.Además de las manifestaciones cutáneas clásicas de la enfermedad,presentaba anomalías no descriptas previamente en la literatura,tales como:manchas mongólicas aberrantes,quistes gingivales y dientes natales.Se realiza una revisión de las diferentes variedades clínicas de nevo lipomatoso,diagnóstico diferencial e histiogénesis

Sindrome del nevus sebaceo lineal / Linear nevus sebaceous syndrome

Presentamos un paciente con SNSL que presentaba un nevus sebáceo lineal ubicado en lado izquierdo de la cara y cuello cabelludo respetando la línea media, asociado a trastornos oculares neurológicos del mismo lado de la lesión. Destacamos la rareza de su observación y los pocos casos mencionados en la literatura